1 Market Overview
    1.1 District Heating Pipe Definition
    1.2 Global District Heating Pipe Market Size and Forecast
        1.2.1 By Consumption Value, Global District Heating Pipe Market Size, 2021-2032
        1.2.2 By Sales Quantity, Global District Heating Pipe Market Size, 2021-2032
        1.2.3 Global District Heating Pipe Average Selling Price (ASP), 2021-2032
    1.3 Japan District Heating Pipe Market Size and Forecast
        1.3.1 By Consumption Value, Japan District Heating Pipe Market Size, 2021-2032
        1.3.2 By Sales Quantity, Japan District Heating Pipe Market Size, 2021-2032
        1.3.3 Japan District Heating Pipe Average Selling Price (ASP), 2021-2032
    1.4 Share of Japan District Heating Pipe Market with Respect to the Global Market
        1.4.1 By Consumption Value, Japan District Heating Pipe Market Share in Global, 2021-2032
        1.4.2 By Sales Quantity, Japan District Heating Pipe Market Share in Global, 2021-2032
        1.4.3 District Heating Pipe Market Size: Japan VS Global, 2021-2032
    1.5 District Heating Pipe Market Dynamics
        1.5.1 District Heating Pipe Market Drivers
        1.5.2 District Heating Pipe Market Restraints
        1.5.3 District Heating Pipe Industry Trends
        1.5.4 District Heating Pipe Industry Policy
2 Global Leading Manufacturers and Market Share
    2.1 By Revenue of District Heating Pipe, Global Market Share by Company, 2021-2026
    2.2 By Sales Quantity of District Heating Pipe, Global Market Share by Company, 2021-2026
    2.3 District Heating Pipe Average Selling Price (ASP) by Company, 2021-2026
    2.4 Global District Heating Pipe Participants, Market Position (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
    2.5 Global District Heating Pipe Concentration Ratio
    2.6 Global District Heating Pipe Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
    2.7 Global District Heating Pipe Manufacturers Product Type
    2.8 Head Office and District Heating Pipe Production Site of Key Manufacturer
    2.9 District Heating Pipe Capacity of Major Manufacturers and Future Plan
3 Japan Leading Manufacturers and Market Share
    3.1 By Revenue of District Heating Pipe, Japan Market Share by Company, 2021-2026
    3.2 By Sales Quantity of District Heating Pipe, Japan Market Share by Company, 2021-2026
    3.3 Japan District Heating Pipe District Heating Pipe Participants, Market Position (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4 Global Producing Regions
    4.1 Global District Heating Pipe Capacity, Output and Capacity Utilization, 2021-2032
    4.2 Global District Heating Pipe Capacity by Region
    4.3 Global District Heating Pipe Production & Forecast by Region, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
    4.4 Global District Heating Pipe Production by Region, 2021-2032
    4.5 Global District Heating Pipe Production Market Share & Forecast by Region, 2021-2032
5 Industry Chain Analysis
    5.1 District Heating Pipe Industry Chain
    5.2 District Heating Pipe Upstream Analysis
        5.2.1 District Heating Pipe Core Raw Materials
        5.2.2 Main Manufacturers of District Heating Pipe Core Raw Materials
    5.3 Midstream Analysis
    5.4 Downstream Analysis
    5.5 District Heating Pipe Production Mode
    5.6 District Heating Pipe Procurement Model
    5.7 District Heating Pipe Industry Sales Model and Sales Channels
        5.7.1 District Heating Pipe Sales Model
        5.7.2 District Heating Pipe Typical Distributors
6 Sights District Heating Pipe Market Classification
    6.1 District Heating Pipe Classification by Type
        6.1.1 Hot Water Heating Network
        6.1.2 Steam Heating Network
        6.1.3 by Type, Global District Heating Pipe Consumption Value, 2021-2032
        6.1.4 by Type, Global District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, 2021-2032
        6.1.5 by Type, Global District Heating Pipe Average Selling Price (ASP), 2021-2032
    6.2 District Heating Pipe Classification by Structural Rigidity
        6.2.1 Rigid Pre-insulated District Heating Pipe
        6.2.2 Flexible Pre-insulated District Heating Pipe
        6.2.3 by Structural Rigidity, Global District Heating Pipe Consumption Value, 2021-2032
        6.2.4 by Structural Rigidity, Global District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, 2021-2032
        6.2.5 by Structural Rigidity, Global District Heating Pipe Average Selling Price (ASP), 2021-2032
    6.3 District Heating Pipe Classification by Material
        6.3.1 Steel Carrier Pipe
        6.3.2 Polymer Carrier Pipe
        6.3.3 Copper Carrier Pipe
        6.3.4 Other Carrier Pipes
        6.3.5 by Material, Global District Heating Pipe Consumption Value, 2021-2032
        6.3.6 by Material, Global District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, 2021-2032
        6.3.7 by Material, Global District Heating Pipe Average Selling Price (ASP), 2021-2032
7 Sights by Application
    7.1 District Heating Pipe Segment by Application
        7.1.1 Residential
        7.1.2 Commercial
        7.1.3 Industrial
        7.1.4 Others
    7.2 by Application, Global District Heating Pipe Consumption Value & CAGR, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
    7.3 by Application, Global District Heating Pipe Consumption Value, 2021-2032
    7.4 by Application, Global District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, 2021-2032
    7.5 by Application, Global District Heating Pipe Price, 2021-2032
8 Sales Sights by Region
    8.1 By Region, Global District Heating Pipe Consumption Value, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
    8.2 By Region, Global District Heating Pipe Consumption Value, 2021-2032
    8.3 By Region, Global District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, 2021-2032
    8.4 North America
        8.4.1 North America District Heating Pipe Market Size & Forecasts, 2021-2032
        8.4.2 By Country, North America District Heating Pipe Market Size Market Share
    8.5 Europe
        8.5.1 Europe District Heating Pipe Market Size & Forecasts, 2021-2032
        8.5.2 By Country, Europe District Heating Pipe Market Size Market Share
    8.6 Asia Pacific
        8.6.1 Asia Pacific District Heating Pipe Market Size & Forecasts, 2021-2032
        8.6.2 By Country/Region, Asia Pacific District Heating Pipe Market Size Market Share
    8.7 South America
        8.7.1 South America District Heating Pipe Market Size & Forecasts, 2021-2032
        8.7.2 By Country, South America District Heating Pipe Market Size Market Share
    8.8 Middle East & Africa
9 Sales Sights by Country Level
    9.1 By Country, Global District Heating Pipe Market Size & CAGR, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
    9.2 By Country, Global District Heating Pipe Consumption Value, 2021-2032
    9.3 By Country, Global District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, 2021-2032
    9.4 United States
        9.4.1 United States District Heating Pipe Market Size, 2021-2032
        9.4.2 by Type, United States District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
        9.4.3 by Application, United States District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
    9.5 Europe
        9.5.1 Europe District Heating Pipe Market Size, 2021-2032
        9.5.2 by Type, Europe District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
        9.5.3 by Application, Europe District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
    9.6 China
        9.6.1 China District Heating Pipe Market Size, 2021-2032
        9.6.2 by Type, China District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
        9.6.3 by Application, China District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
    9.7 Japan
        9.7.1 Japan District Heating Pipe Market Size, 2021-2032
        9.7.2 by Type, Japan District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
        9.7.3 by Application, Japan District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
    9.8 South Korea
        9.8.1 South Korea District Heating Pipe Market Size, 2021-2032
        9.8.2 by Type, South Korea District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
        9.8.3 by Application, South Korea District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
    9.9 Southeast Asia
        9.9.1 Southeast Asia District Heating Pipe Market Size, 2021-2032
        9.9.2 by Type, Southeast Asia District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
        9.9.3 by Application, Southeast Asia District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
    9.10 India
        9.10.1 India District Heating Pipe Market Size, 2021-2032
        9.10.2 by Type, India District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
        9.10.3 by Application, India District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
    9.11 Middle East & Africa
        9.11.1 Middle East & Africa District Heating Pipe Market Size, 2021-2032
        9.11.2 by Type, Middle East & Africa District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
        9.11.3 by Application, Middle East & Africa District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity Market Share, 2025 VS 2032
10 Manufacturers Profile
    10.1 Kingspan LOGSTOR
        10.1.1 Kingspan LOGSTOR Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.1.2 Kingspan LOGSTOR District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.1.3 Kingspan LOGSTOR District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.1.4 Kingspan LOGSTOR Company Profile and Main Business
        10.1.5 Kingspan LOGSTOR Recent Developments
    10.2 REHAU
        10.2.1 REHAU Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.2.2 REHAU District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.2.3 REHAU District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.2.4 REHAU Company Profile and Main Business
        10.2.5 REHAU Recent Developments
    10.3 BRUGG Pipes
        10.3.1 BRUGG Pipes Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.3.2 BRUGG Pipes District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.3.3 BRUGG Pipes District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.3.4 BRUGG Pipes Company Profile and Main Business
        10.3.5 BRUGG Pipes Recent Developments
    10.4 ISOPLUS
        10.4.1 ISOPLUS Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.4.2 ISOPLUS District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.4.3 ISOPLUS District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.4.4 ISOPLUS Company Profile and Main Business
        10.4.5 ISOPLUS Recent Developments
    10.5 PERMA-PIPE
        10.5.1 PERMA-PIPE Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.5.2 PERMA-PIPE District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.5.3 PERMA-PIPE District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.5.4 PERMA-PIPE Company Profile and Main Business
        10.5.5 PERMA-PIPE Recent Developments
    10.6 GF Uponor
        10.6.1 GF Uponor Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.6.2 GF Uponor District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.6.3 GF Uponor District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.6.4 GF Uponor Company Profile and Main Business
        10.6.5 GF Uponor Recent Developments
    10.7 Aquatherm
        10.7.1 Aquatherm Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.7.2 Aquatherm District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.7.3 Aquatherm District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.7.4 Aquatherm Company Profile and Main Business
        10.7.5 Aquatherm Recent Developments
    10.8 Thermaflex
        10.8.1 Thermaflex Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.8.2 Thermaflex District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.8.3 Thermaflex District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.8.4 Thermaflex Company Profile and Main Business
        10.8.5 Thermaflex Recent Developments
    10.9 CPV Ltd
        10.9.1 CPV Ltd Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.9.2 CPV Ltd District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.9.3 CPV Ltd District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.9.4 CPV Ltd Company Profile and Main Business
        10.9.5 CPV Ltd Recent Developments
    10.10 Powerpipe Systems
        10.10.1 Powerpipe Systems Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.10.2 Powerpipe Systems District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.10.3 Powerpipe Systems District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.10.4 Powerpipe Systems Company Profile and Main Business
        10.10.5 Powerpipe Systems Recent Developments
    10.11 Watts Water Technologies
        10.11.1 Watts Water Technologies Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.11.2 Watts Water Technologies District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.11.3 Watts Water Technologies District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.11.4 Watts Water Technologies Company Profile and Main Business
        10.11.5 Watts Water Technologies Recent Developments
    10.12 Pipelife
        10.12.1 Pipelife Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.12.2 Pipelife District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.12.3 Pipelife District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.12.4 Pipelife Company Profile and Main Business
        10.12.5 Pipelife Recent Developments
    10.13 KE KELIT
        10.13.1 KE KELIT Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.13.2 KE KELIT District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.13.3 KE KELIT District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.13.4 KE KELIT Company Profile and Main Business
        10.13.5 KE KELIT Recent Developments
    10.14 Rovanco Piping Systems
        10.14.1 Rovanco Piping Systems Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.14.2 Rovanco Piping Systems District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.14.3 Rovanco Piping Systems District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.14.4 Rovanco Piping Systems Company Profile and Main Business
        10.14.5 Rovanco Piping Systems Recent Developments
    10.15 Thermacor Process
        10.15.1 Thermacor Process Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.15.2 Thermacor Process District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.15.3 Thermacor Process District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.15.4 Thermacor Process Company Profile and Main Business
        10.15.5 Thermacor Process Recent Developments
    10.16 DAEKYUNG Enertech
        10.16.1 DAEKYUNG Enertech Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.16.2 DAEKYUNG Enertech District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.16.3 DAEKYUNG Enertech District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.16.4 DAEKYUNG Enertech Company Profile and Main Business
        10.16.5 DAEKYUNG Enertech Recent Developments
    10.17 Pipeteckorea
        10.17.1 Pipeteckorea Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.17.2 Pipeteckorea District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.17.3 Pipeteckorea District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.17.4 Pipeteckorea Company Profile and Main Business
        10.17.5 Pipeteckorea Recent Developments
    10.18 Nippon Steel Engineering
        10.18.1 Nippon Steel Engineering Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.18.2 Nippon Steel Engineering District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.18.3 Nippon Steel Engineering District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.18.4 Nippon Steel Engineering Company Profile and Main Business
        10.18.5 Nippon Steel Engineering Recent Developments
    10.19 Sanjie Energy-Saving New Materials Co., Ltd.
        10.19.1 Sanjie Energy-Saving New Materials Co., Ltd. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.19.2 Sanjie Energy-Saving New Materials Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.19.3 Sanjie Energy-Saving New Materials Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.19.4 Sanjie Energy-Saving New Materials Co., Ltd. Company Profile and Main Business
        10.19.5 Sanjie Energy-Saving New Materials Co., Ltd. Recent Developments
    10.20 Hebei Huidong Pipe Co., Ltd.
        10.20.1 Hebei Huidong Pipe Co., Ltd. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.20.2 Hebei Huidong Pipe Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.20.3 Hebei Huidong Pipe Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.20.4 Hebei Huidong Pipe Co., Ltd. Company Profile and Main Business
        10.20.5 Hebei Huidong Pipe Co., Ltd. Recent Developments
    10.21 Haotian Energy Conservation Equipment Co., Ltd.
        10.21.1 Haotian Energy Conservation Equipment Co., Ltd. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.21.2 Haotian Energy Conservation Equipment Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.21.3 Haotian Energy Conservation Equipment Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.21.4 Haotian Energy Conservation Equipment Co., Ltd. Company Profile and Main Business
        10.21.5 Haotian Energy Conservation Equipment Co., Ltd. Recent Developments
    10.22 Jiangfeng Pipeline Group Co., Ltd.
        10.22.1 Jiangfeng Pipeline Group Co., Ltd. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.22.2 Jiangfeng Pipeline Group Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.22.3 Jiangfeng Pipeline Group Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.22.4 Jiangfeng Pipeline Group Co., Ltd. Company Profile and Main Business
        10.22.5 Jiangfeng Pipeline Group Co., Ltd. Recent Developments
    10.23 Yixing Huasheng Environmental Protection Pipeline Co., Ltd.
        10.23.1 Yixing Huasheng Environmental Protection Pipeline Co., Ltd. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.23.2 Yixing Huasheng Environmental Protection Pipeline Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.23.3 Yixing Huasheng Environmental Protection Pipeline Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.23.4 Yixing Huasheng Environmental Protection Pipeline Co., Ltd. Company Profile and Main Business
        10.23.5 Yixing Huasheng Environmental Protection Pipeline Co., Ltd. Recent Developments
    10.24 Tangshan Xingbang Pipeline Engineering Equipment Co., Ltd.
        10.24.1 Tangshan Xingbang Pipeline Engineering Equipment Co., Ltd. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.24.2 Tangshan Xingbang Pipeline Engineering Equipment Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.24.3 Tangshan Xingbang Pipeline Engineering Equipment Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.24.4 Tangshan Xingbang Pipeline Engineering Equipment Co., Ltd. Company Profile and Main Business
        10.24.5 Tangshan Xingbang Pipeline Engineering Equipment Co., Ltd. Recent Developments
    10.25 Tianjin Junxing Pipe Group Co., Ltd.
        10.25.1 Tianjin Junxing Pipe Group Co., Ltd. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.25.2 Tianjin Junxing Pipe Group Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.25.3 Tianjin Junxing Pipe Group Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.25.4 Tianjin Junxing Pipe Group Co., Ltd. Company Profile and Main Business
        10.25.5 Tianjin Junxing Pipe Group Co., Ltd. Recent Developments
    10.26 Tianjin Zhongtong Pipeline Insulation Co., Ltd.
        10.26.1 Tianjin Zhongtong Pipeline Insulation Co., Ltd. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.26.2 Tianjin Zhongtong Pipeline Insulation Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.26.3 Tianjin Zhongtong Pipeline Insulation Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.26.4 Tianjin Zhongtong Pipeline Insulation Co., Ltd. Company Profile and Main Business
        10.26.5 Tianjin Zhongtong Pipeline Insulation Co., Ltd. Recent Developments
    10.27 Shandong Maosheng Pipe Co., Ltd.
        10.27.1 Shandong Maosheng Pipe Co., Ltd. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.27.2 Shandong Maosheng Pipe Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.27.3 Shandong Maosheng Pipe Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.27.4 Shandong Maosheng Pipe Co., Ltd. Company Profile and Main Business
        10.27.5 Shandong Maosheng Pipe Co., Ltd. Recent Developments
    10.28 AKAN Enterprise Group (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd.
        10.28.1 AKAN Enterprise Group (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
        10.28.2 AKAN Enterprise Group (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Models, Specifications, and Application
        10.28.3 AKAN Enterprise Group (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd. District Heating Pipe Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2021-2026
        10.28.4 AKAN Enterprise Group (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd. Company Profile and Main Business
        10.28.5 AKAN Enterprise Group (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd. Recent Developments
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
    12.1 Research Methodology
    12.2 Data Source
        12.2.1 Secondary Sources
        12.2.2 Primary Sources
    12.3 Market Estimation Model
    12.4 Disclaimer